John B. Watson Behavioral Psychology Part 2 - 1415 Words

Contributions to Psychology During the zeitgeist of Watson’s early career, the focus of psychology was on the analysis of the conscious mind. During the late 1800’s, Sigmund Freud, a leader in psychology at the time, had proposed theories of psychology that focused on the conscious and unconscious mind. He explained behavior as a response to the desires of our unconscious and conscious minds, implying that individuals did not have much control over their behaviors or thoughts. In the early 1900’s, during Watson’s career, the country was recovering from the First World War. American societies were trying to cope with the feelings of loos of control that were brought about by the war. Freud’s idea of human consciousness and uncontrollable†¦show more content†¦In 1920, Watson and Rosalie Rayner, his second wife, conducted an experiment to demonstrate how inherited emotions, fear, rage, and love, could be projected onto stimuli other than the stimuli that originally elic ited the emotions. Watson and Rayner used an eleven-month-old male infant named Albert to conduct their experiment. Albert was shown a white rat, to which he expressed no fear. When Albert attempted to reach out and touch the rat, Watson hit a metal bar with a hammer, causing a loud noise. Albert expressed fear by jumping. He was then shown the rat a second time and, again, a metal bar was struck when he reached out to touch the rat, this time causing him to cry out of fear. One week later, Albert was presented with a rat again and, this time, attempted to keep away from the rat. Watson and Rayner continued to expose Albert to the rat and strike the metal bar, which caused Albert to become afraid of the rat. Days later, Albert cried at just the sight of the rat and expressed great fear (Hergenhahn Henley, 2014). Although many argue the ethical implications of Watson’s study, The Little Albert experiment clearly displayed the ability of infants to develop a fear of a neutral stimulus by pairing it with a negative stimulus. These finings were a major contribution to psychology. Not only did the researchers contribute to the practice of psychology as a science by use of the scientific method, they also gave evidence to the idea thatShow MoreRelatedFather Of Behaviorism : Broadus Watson935 Words   |  4 Pagesof Behaviorism: Broadus Watson During the late 19th century and early 20th century, psychology was defined as the study of the human mind had an emphasis on introspection (Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2015). After this period of time, psychologists began to criticize the validity of introspection as a method of study (McLeod, 2008). This doubt sparked new ideals and lead the field of psychology to be revolutionized. This new revolution was lead by John Broadus Watson, who is often thought ofRead MorePsychology Is The Science Of Natural Science1080 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness -John B. Watson There are five main approaches to psychology known as â€Å"schools of thought† that make assumptions about the nature ofRead MoreThe Behavioral Perspective Of Psychology1490 Words   |  6 Pages Martinez 1 Julian Martinez Professor Roger Copeland Psychology 2301 29 August 2014 Psychology Perspectives The behavioral perspective of psychology is focused on explaining why people react the way they do to specific situations and environments. People will tend to act differently according to the environment they happen to be in, and they will most likely act in a way where the most benefit will be attained. If a reward is given every time a certain action is made, people willRead MoreOrigins of Behaviorism Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviourism originated with the work of John B. Watson from 1913. Behaviourism is based on the following sets of claims: (1) Psychology is the study of behaviour. Psychology is not the science of mind. This statement also forms a type of behaviourism: â€Å"Methodological† behaviourism claims that psychology should concern itself with the behaviour of organisms (human and non-human). Psychology should not concern itself with mental states or events or withRead MoreBehaviourism: History, Principles Contributions1195 Words   |  5 Pagesconsciousness. John B. Watson is often noted as the father of behaviourism, though its theories were being studied years before hand. A talk by Watson on his manifesto in 1913 was said to be the formal founding of behaviourism where he described the principles of behaviourism and dismissed other notions. Though behaviourism did not become a highly accepted view in psychology, it did have its contributions to the overall field. Behaviourism emerged as a new field of psychology during the earlyRead MoreBehaviorism s Theory Of Psychology983 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept; that it is merely another word for the â€Å"soul† of more ancient time (Watson, 1970). However, behaviorism holds the subject matter of human psychology it focus on the behavior or activities of the human being. Etymology The word behaviorism originates from the Middle French word behavior, meaning the observable activity in human and animal. This term was coined in 1913 by the United States psychologist John B. Watson. Many of the concepts of analysis of behavior can be traced back to PavlovRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1360 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy, pairing the sound of a bell with food to produce salivation. After a while, just the sound alone would produce salivation. â€Å"Little Albert†, an infant that belonged to a wet nurse at the Harriet Lane Home was experimented on by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner. Watson and Rayner claim that â€Å"Little Albert† was a healthy, unemotional, and stable child. The experiment began with the introduction of a white rat, which alone, produced no fear response. At 11 months and 3 days, the rat was paired withRead MoreBehaviorism Research Paper1983 Words   |  8 Pagespersons responsible for the Behaviorism movement was John B. Watson who felt a need to restructure Psychology into a scientific psychology on the basis that behavior could be observed through stimulus and response methods and could be proven by experiments. Other schools of thought felt strong about the consciousness influenced our behavior as well and how we thought and with the help of Behaviorism and its theorists it changed how theorist saw Psychology as well as improved it. Introduction Read MoreThe Advancement Of Behaviorism : A Look At The Progression Of Behavioral Science Through Time Essay2345 Words   |  10 PagesProgression of Behavioral Science Through Time Sara Lalani Nova Southeastern University Abstract Why do people behave in the manner that they do? This is a question that has been asked since a few hundred years before the common era. Early individuals, such as Sigmund Freud, have come up with their own theories in an attempt to explain human behavior. On the other hand, Ivan Pavlov was not trying to necessarily explain human behavior, but he did set up a paradigm that inspired John B. Watson. WatsonRead More The Relevance of Behavioral Psychology to Instructional Technology1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe Relevance of Behavioral Psychology to Instructional Technology Behavioral Psychology Defined John Watson wrote a paper in the Psychological Review in 1913 and defined behavioral psychology or behaviorism as †¦a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Geopolitics Essay Topics and Why You Must Take Action Today

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Geopolitics Essay Topics and Why You Must Take Action Today You have to know all facets of financial topics after you choose them. Since you can see, lots of the topics listed are new and deal with the present issues happening in the World today. Take notes concerning all possible topics you're able to consider. Needless to say, topics which are still relevant in 2018 are the very best. If it's a college essay, it is essential to consider what aspects of it is going to be evaluated. Possessing excellent research abilities and selecting an excellent topic is vital. Biological weapons shouldn't be allowed. The teachers don't always assign the specific topic. Students need to be careful about posting on social networking. They are used to the fact that their professors give them the assignment's topic. In such a circumstance, a student must pick an ideal topic to write about. Although some say no cost public transportation would assist the environment and decrease traffic, others think no cost public transportation is too pricey, and the government can't afford to cover it. Most issues can have essays on all the above mentioned questions. Anyway, below, it is possible to find topic that are excellent for both circumstances. For this reason, you've got to come across enough substantial evidence for the specific topic. Schools should eliminate class projects since they're useless. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. They should keep their mobile in silence so as to not disturb the class. Students and teachers can buy balanced lunch and drinks besides alcohol, that lets them feel nice and study much better. The End of Geopolitics Essay Topics Perform extensive research on the subject of your choice and make an impressive persuasive speech that individuals will remember for long. Many people wind up covering the exact same tired topics they see in the media daily, just because they can't produce a better idea. They suffer from a lack of financial education. All individuals ought to be allowed to receive free high education. To begin with, if you're arranging a persuasive speech, you ought to think about a topic that could create mental pictures in the minds of your audience. Don't neglect to bring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to earn the reader want to go over the interesting persuasive essay topics of your pick. Whatever the case, it's always a better idea to work with a topic that is especially close to you and that you get a genuine interest in, instead of just picking a random topic. One other important element when picking a persuasive speech topic is to select a topic that could provoke your audience a little. If you can select the problem by yourself, it's possible to think of the issue of interest! There's a remarkable remedy to your issue! Now, convince the people that there's an issue. The issue, nevertheless, is that not all businesses can be relied upon in order to deliver quality essays on time so you need to be cautious in selecting one. Our life is about words. There are varying views on whether or not a college education is necessary in order to have a thriving life. Just imagine, you have all of the freedom on the planet to write about anything you desire. Sex is a biological need and a wholesome sex life has lots of mental and physical advantages. Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are required to support your understanding of academic writing style. On the flip side, some argue that the expense of college leaves students with crippling debt they'll never have the ability to repay. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, overall, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no genuine approach to provide a free college education as colleges would still must be funded (likely through tax dollars). Argue that public higher education has to be free for everybody.

Chronic Illness Management In Primary Care †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Chronic Illness Management In Primary Care. Answer: Introduction Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by increasing bone weakness, decreasing bone density, and elevated risk of a broken bone (Rachner, 2011). The disease is the main reason for broken bones among the seniors. Some of the common bones break include the hip, vertebrae in the spine, and bones of the forearm. The disease has no symptoms and is only discovered when bones break. It affects the density of bone leading to a porous bone which is compressible. This condition weakens the bone and results in fractures. Bone density decreases with age and is also accelerated by other factors such as lower levels of estrogen among women. It may also occur due to treatment procedures or diseases such anorexia, kidney disease, etc. Also, various medications influence the rate of bone loss and contribute to the bone weakening. Osteoporosis is a major disease among people aged 50 years and above and has raised public health concerns (Riggs, 2012). Approximately 8 million people in the US are reported to have osteoporosis (Korhonen, 2013). About 60% of people with osteoporosis in the US are aged 50 years and older. Health care costs incurred in the treatment of osteoporosis fractures amount to billions of dollars. This diseases not only increases the financial burden for families but also affects productivity. It is reported that 15% of people who experience a hip fracture are likely to die within two years (Looker, 2012). The social and financial implications of this disease adversely affect the society. Therefore, it is essential to assess how various healthcare stakeholders can tackle this condition to mitigate its risk as well as its impacts on the nations economy and the society. In this report, well investigate osteoporosis, identify risk factors, and its impacts on peoples life. The elderly are considered as the main age group through which the disease can be assessed. The report will also look into the role of a nurse in delivering patient-oriented care that can mitigate the risk of the disease as well as improve patient outcomes. Osteoporosis Pathophysiology Poor bone mass acquisition during growth and an increase in the rate of bone loss are the main mechanisms that contribute to the development of osteoporosis. These mechanisms are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Many postmenopausal women are at high risk of increased bone loss after reaching peak bone mass. Race also influences development of the disease as peak bone mass tends to vary among different races (Antonelli, 2014). About 50% of the bone mass gained during puberty is linked with high sex hormone levels. However, there is minimal accumulation of bone mass among young adults. Peak bone mass is realized when a person reaches 30 years of age. Genetic factors are reported to influence bone mass. Approximately 40% of the variability in bone mass is determined by genes (Emkey, 2014). Some of the genes linked to osteoporosis include collagen, transforming growth factor- , those that regulate estrogen reception, etc. In contrast to gaining boss mass, bone loss is largely determined by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, medication, etc. Risk factors Nutritional factors Development of Osteoporosis can arise from various factors including nutrition, behavior, or medication. Key nutritional factors that play a role include calcium intake, protein intake, Vitamin D levels, among others. It is reported that low calcium intake during childhood can elevate the risk of the disease later in life. Studies show that seniors who had low calcium levels in their childhood were likely to have the disease as it was directly linked to the bone mineral mass (Garriguet, 2011). Calcium supplementation is a key treatment method that helps to reduce the rate of bone loss among elderly persons at risk of osteoporosis. Calcium intake varies depending on age. Some age groups especially the elderly and children have higher calcium intake than other age groups. The typical diet in western countries has high levels of sodium and protein which increase calcium excretion hence people in these countries require to take more calcium. Vitamin D and protein are key elements that also play a role in the body. Vitamin D plays an essential role in the bone tissue as it regulates calcium absorption. Its nutritional status affects the level of calcium absorption. Studies show that vitamin D levels decrease with age hence seniors have lower levels of Vitamin D than other age groups which significantly impact calcium absorption (Powe, 2011). Aged people have to take Vitamin D supplements to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Protein malnutrition affects the growth of soft tissue which reduces the tissue covering the bones (Rizzoli, 2014). Protein intake largely determines the result of fractures, especially hip fracture. Behavioral Factors Various behavioral factors such as physical activity and drugs play a role in the development of the Osteoporosis. Studies show that athletes have higher bone mass than non-athletes. This is particularly noted among athletes who regularly engage in strength training. Mechanical loading during training is shown to increase bone mass (Langsetmo, 2012). On the other hand, decreasing mechanical load reduces bone mass. The relationship between bone mass density and the mechanical load is apparent at low levels of loads. Patients who are completely immobilized have high bone mass loss amounting to over 30% in 1 year. People who are physically active have high bone mass density than the average population (Khawaji, 2010). Bone metabolism occurs as a result of the interplay between hormones, nutrients and physical activity. A deficit in one of these areas can increase the risk of osteoporosis. Chronic alcohol is attributed to decreasing bone mass density in the lumbar spine and neck (Broulik, 2010). The prevalence of osteoporosis among alcoholics is reported to be over 30%. It is much higher among the elderly who regularly consume alcohol. Chronic alcohol is also associated with nutritional deficiencies which contribute to osteoporotic-related fractures (Maurel, 2010). Smoking is another risk factor for decreasing bone mass that affects bone mass development. It is associated with an increase in rate of bone loss which is pre-requisite to osteoporosis. Medications Several medications are linked with bone loss. Glucocorticoids are key medications that are attributed to an elevated rate of bone mass loss (Lekamwasam, 2012). Studies also show that bone loss is high during the first use of steroid intake. The rate of bone loss is estimated to be as high as 20% which increases the risk of fractures. Patient taking corticosteroids for more than six months have a high incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Estrogens are essential for the development of bone mass and bone maintenance in both men and women. Low levels of estrogen among women above 50 years are the main cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis (Tyagi, 2012). Signs and symptoms Osteoporosis becomes evidence when a fracture occurs. A majority of the fractures are painless. In some cases, patients may have fractures accompanied have episodes of acute pain after suffering a minor trauma. The pain experienced may range from sharp to dull (Nieuwenhuijse, 2012). Movement of a limb with a fracture tends to increase the pain, and in some cases, the pain is radiated to the abdomen. Muscle spasms accompany pain and are exacerbated by physical activity. Acute pain subsides after a month, but in cases where patients have multiple fractures, the pain becomes chronic. Patients with chronic pain are unable to walk or do any work at ease. Often, they stay motionless in bed with fear of exacerbating pain. Patients with a hip fracture may experience pain in the groin and medial knee. Often, the fracture decreases the hip range of motion which diminishes the walking ability of patients. The patients may also demonstrate a limited range of motion with pain and decreased weight-bearing on the fractured area. Physical examination done on patients with vertebral fractures indicate loss of lubra lordosis and exaggerated cervical lordosis. Patients that have Colles fracture may have bayonet deformity and tend to experience pain when moving their wrists (Esses, 2011). On the other hand, patients with sacral fractures experience pain when they move. People especially the elderly who have osteoporotic fractures have difficulty in performing tasks as they are limited by severe pain in the affected region. This significantly limits them from moving and affects their productivity at work. Person-centered care Person-centered care focuses on the personal needs of patients which become fundamental to the care delivery process. This implies giving preference to the patients needs as defined over the priorities by the healthcare staff (Ekman, 2011). This care model involves strong interest in the patients experience of health or illness. Nurses have to work with the persons perspective of the situation as well as that obtained via a medical diagnosis. Various frameworks have been developed to help nurses to implement person-centered care. These frameworks share key components which define the nature of person-centered care. Typically, a patient-oriented care model involves forging relationships with patients to know them as individuals, providing meaningful care, and being responsive to the patients needs. Nurses have to respect the needs, values, and preferences of the patients and focus on building patient-nurse relationships which can foster trust (Morgan, 2012). Nurses have to emphasize freedom of choice to the patients and promote comfort. It is also necessary for nurses to involve patients family and friends in the care delivery process. This model of nursing care contrasts the traditional care model as it focuses on a patient as an individual and emphasizes on their needs. On the other hand, traditional care model acknowledges personal needs but only consider them if they align with the nursing needs. This implies that the needs of nursing care are prioritized over personal needs of the patient receiving care. Role of Nurse in Osteoporosis prevention Nurses play a key role in leading collaborative care to meet the healthcare needs of the elderly population which is at high risk of osteoporosis. Under collaborative person-centered care model, nurses have a responsibility of improving access to care, enhancing quality and safety, coordinating with healthcare professionals, and forging relationships with patients. To realize the full potential of the care model, nurses have to accept a central role in the management of patient-centered approach to care (Wolff, 2015). Specifically, nurses have to collaborate with team members and maintain a patient-centered focus on care. They interact with patients as individuals to gain an in-depth insight into their health as well as forge trust. This is key in understanding and respecting the values and needs of a patient. Medical care delivered by nurses to prevent Osteoporosis should be aligned with the needs of the elderly patients. This involves forging a patient-nurse relationship that enhances trust and enables the nurse to know much about the patients including their medical history, health problems they may be encountering, etc. Nurses that have established a relationship with the patients can communicate effectively with them. This allows them to collect essential information about the patients which help nurses in providing care. The nurses collaborate with team members to align the patients needs with the medical diagnosis. For example, when nurses diagnose an older adult to be at risk of developing osteoporosis, they have to create a plan tailored to their needs. The plan may consider the diet consumed by the patient and make adjustments to the dietary routine to improve protein and calcium intake to reduce the risk of the disease. This ensures the team delivers optimal and safe care which meets the needs of the aged patients. Effective communication is key in enhancing the coordinated care that meets the patients needs. Addressing the healthcare needs of the elderly at risk of osteoporosis in the most efficient manner is the key goal of inter-professional patient-centered care. Nurses play a vital role in facilitating communication between the health provider and the patients as well as supporting the patients (Bartz, 2010). In this care model, the nurse ensures families of patients are active participants in care delivery process. This enhances the efficiency of care and enhances the role of nurses in preventing osteoporosis and promoting self-care among the elderly. Nurses provide information to patients and families and answer their question on the care provided. They have to be included in discussions to make decisions about their care as well as play a role in planning how to improve their health conditions. It is the responsibility of the nurse to ensure the patients receive timely and consistent messages. Nurses have to maintain communication with the patients to monitor their health and learn more about their needs (Cloninger, 2011). Consistent communication allows nurses to identify a change in patients needs and respond accordingly. For example, an older adult with an osteoporotic fracture may want pain medication due to exacerbating pain. If nurses maintain contact with the patient, they can easily determine their needs and respond to improve patient outcomes. Often, the elderly have lower emergency response and their protection should be prioritized. Nurses have to focus on their safety and value their daily protection in actions such as standing up or walking down the stairs to reduce the risk of falling and occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. Nurses play a vital role in improving quality of care by gaining an insight into patients preferences and values through engagement (Finset, 2011). They have to assure them that their values will be respected and their needs considered in care delivery. This is vital in enhancing patient engagement and care plan decisions. Trust between the two stakeholders is dependent on mutual respect and the relationship between them. Trust between nurses and patients evolves as insight into patients needs and information from medical diagnosis is gained. Trust is a key element in the patient-nurse relationship that ensures the efficiency of the care delivery process. Inter-professional care involves collaboration with various healthcare professionals. Nurses have to focus on building relationships with their team members to improve their effectiveness in delivering care tailored to the needs of the elderly population (Mezzich, 2011). Nurses have to recognize the significance of team building in improving the care process. Nurses are the key stakeholders to who guide the collaborative care model to support patient-oriented approach to care in managing osteoporosis among the aged. This is key in keeping the patients engaged and activated with the care delivered as well as help the nurses in making better care plan decisions with physicians. It also helps patients in being successful with self-management actions aimed at reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Nurses who prescribe self-management strategies tailored to the needs of the seniors achieve better patient outcomes. Also, involving patients and their families in decision-making process improves patient satisfaction and enhance the efficiency of the care delivery process. Nurses have to engage families and patients to develop the capacity to manage pain in cases where patients have sustained fractures related to osteoporosis. This improves the effectiveness of the pain treatment method and improves quality of life. Nurses have to emphasize on the importance of pain management for healing. They also have to work with the patients and give early warnings of complications such as hip dislocation, infection, etc. Such signs should be considered as indicators of deteriorating health and should be given preference to ensure patients are diagnosed and treated accordingly. When using non-medication strategies, nurses have to consider the ones that align with the patients needs. Some of the non-medication strategies used to manage osteoporosis include positioning, cold packs, distraction, among others. Pain prevention also has to be done with appropriate pain management strategies such as analgesics or cold packs. Dose and timing of the strategies have to be considered to ensure they are applied appropriately, i.e., when and how to take medication. With regards to prevention, nurses have to coordinate with the family since the patients are handled in outpatient settings. Focus should be placed on ambulation and exercises which the nurses should demonstrate to the patients to ensure they understand what they are supposed to do. The patient and family have to be involved in all phases of care to ensure the prevention strategies are successful. Families provide social support to the patient which is key in promoting healing. It is the role of the nurse to encourage patients to perform many self-care actions. Patients have to perform as much as their pain can allow. The nurses also have to offer patients a plan that involves activities that include mild exercise. It is important for nurses attending to the aged people at risk of osteoporosis in outpatient settings to assess new pain sites and monitor patients pain level as well as monitor their response to the pain management strategies applied (Claesson, 2015). Nurses have to explain all treatments and procedures to patients and ensure that they understand the prescribed medications. Also, nurses have a responsibility to provide emotional support to help patients cope with pain and their health conditions. Conclusion Osteoporosis is a major disease that affects the elderly and contributes to a majority of bone fractures for people aged 50 and above. It has become a health issue that affects the society and requires concerted efforts among healthcare providers to be mitigated. Inter-professional patient-centered care is a key care model that can assist in preventing and managing osteoporosis among the elderly population. This care model involves a collaborative approach to take which incorporates a team made up of various healthcare professionals. The model focuses on the patients as an individual and prioritizes the needs and expectations of the patients. Nurses play a key role in providing patient-oriented care which is appropriate for the elderly population as it is at high risk of osteoporosis and requires attention. Nurses are the driving force behind patient-centered care hence have to be focused on forging relationships with patients to gain an insight into their health problems. It is recommendable for nurses to not only connect with the patients as caregivers but also support them emotionally. The nurses should involve patients and families in all treatment phases to ensure care given aligns with their needs and values. Also, nurses should at all times respect the values of the patients and respond to their needs accordingly. References Antonelli, M., Einstadter, D., Magrey, M. (2014). Screening and treatment of osteoporosis after hip fracture: comparison of sex and race.Journal of Clinical Densitometry,17(4), 479-483. Bartz, C. C. (2010). International Council of Nurses and person-centered care.International Journal of Integrated Care,10(5). Broulik, P. D., Vondrova, J., Ruzicka, P., Sedlacek, R., Zima, T. (2010). The effect of chronic alcohol administration on bone mineral content and bone strength in male rats.Physiological Research,59(4), 599. Claesson, A., Toth-Pal, E., Piispanen, P., Salminen, H. (2015). District nurses perceptions of osteoporosis management: a qualitative study.Osteoporosis International,26(7), 1911-1918. Cloninger, C. R. (2011). Person?centred integrative care.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice,17(2), 371-372. Ekman, I., Swedberg, K., Taft, C., Lindseth, A., Norberg, A., Brink, E., ... Lidn, E. (2011). Person-centered careReady for prime time.European journal of cardiovascular nursing,10(4), 248-251. Emkey, G. R., Epstein, S. (2014). Secondary osteoporosis: pathophysiology diagnosis.Best practice research Clinical endocrinology metabolism,28(6), 911-935. Esses, S. I., McGuire, R., Jenkins, J., Finkelstein, J., Woodard, E., Watters III, W. C., ... Sluka, P. (2011). The treatment of symptomatic osteoporotic spinal compression fractures.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons,19(3), 176-182. Finset, A. (2011). Research on person?centred clinical care.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice,17(2), 384-386. Garriguet, D. (2011). Bone health: osteoporosis, calcium and vitamin D.Health reports,22(3), 7. Khawaji, M., Astermark, J., kesson, K., Berntorp, E. (2010). Physical activity for prevention of osteoporosis in patients with severe haemophilia on long?term prophylaxis.Haemophilia,16(3), 495-501. Korhonen, N., Niemi, S., Parkkari, J., Sievnen, H., Palvanen, M., Kannus, P. (2013). Continuous decline in incidence of hip fracture: nationwide statistics from Finland between 1970 and 2010.Osteoporosis International,24(5), 1599-1603. Langsetmo, L., Hitchcock, C. L., Kingwell, E. J., Davison, K. S., Berger, C., Forsmo, S., ... Prior, J. C. (2012). Physical activity, body mass index and bone mineral densityassociations in a prospective population-based cohort of women and men: The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos).Bone,50(1), 401-408. Lekamwasam, S., Adachi, J. D., Agnusdei, D., Bilezikian, J., Boonen, S., Borgstrm, F., ... Kanis, J. A. (2012). A framework for the development of guidelines for the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.Osteoporosis International,23(9), 2257-2276. Looker, A. C., Borrud, L. G., Dawson-Hughes, B., Shepherd, J. A., Wright, N. C. (2012).Osteoporosis Or Low Bone Mass at the Femur Neck Or Lumbar Spine in Older Adults, United States, 2005-2008. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Maurel, D. B., Boisseau, N., Benhamou, C. L., Jaffre, C. (2012). Alcohol and bone: review of dose effects and mechanisms.Osteoporosis International,23(1), 1-16. Mezzich, J. (2011). Building person-centered medicine through dialogue and partnerships: perspective from the international network for person-centered medicine.International Journal of Person Centered Medicine,1(1), 10-13. Morgan, S., Yoder, L. H. (2012). A concept analysis of person-centered care.Journal of Holistic Nursing,30(1), 6-15. Nieuwenhuijse, M. J., Van Erkel, A. R., Dijkstra, P. D. S. (2012). Percutaneous vertebroplasty for subacute and chronic painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures can safely be undertaken in the first year after the onset of symptoms.J Bone Joint Surg Br,94(6), 815-820. Powe, C. E., Ricciardi, C., Berg, A. H., Erdenesanaa, D., Collerone, G., Ankers, E., ... Bhan, I. (2011). Vitamin Dbinding protein modifies the vitamin Dbone mineral density relationship.Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,26(7), 1609-1616. Rachner, T. D., Khosla, S., Hofbauer, L. C. (2011). Osteoporosis: now and the future.The Lancet,377(9773), 1276-1287. Riggs, B. L. (2012). Age-related osteoporosis.Nutrition and Aging, 207. Rizzoli, R., Stevenson, J. C., Bauer, J. M., van Loon, L. J., Walrand, S., Kanis, J. A., ... Reginster, J. Y. (2014). The role of dietary protein and vitamin D in maintaining musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women: a consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO).Maturitas,79(1), 122-132. Tyagi, A. M., Srivastava, K., Mansoori, M. N., Trivedi, R., Chattopadhyay, N., Singh, D. (2012). Estrogen deficiency induces the differentiation of IL-17 secreting Th17 cells: a new candidate in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.PloS one,7(9), e44552. Wolff, J. L., Boyd, C. M. (2015). A look at person-centered and family-centered care among older adults: results from a national survey.Journal of general internal medicine,30(10), 1497-1504.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Their Eyes Were Watching God Persuasive Essay How is love to influence our lives? Love-struck people do crazy things toexpress how they care for that particular person yet it is a long and windy roadto these actions. It is down this path that experience spawns and trouble andhappiness are felt. Janie Crawford of Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes WereWatching God, shows the road through the steps of her three relationships. Theserelationships, though not fulfilling ones, conclude in bettering Janiessearch and understanding of life. Johnny Taylor, Janies first kiss andgatekeeper to her future, When Janie was sixteen, she embarked on a sexualawakening. Johnny Taylor was a poor young man who lived in the Florida area. We will write a custom essay on Their Eyes Were Watching God Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Janie allowed him to kiss her over the fence. Unfortunately, Nanny saweverything. With Nannys horrendous background of sinful deeds done to her,she wanted the best for Janie. As she saw the kiss, the doors of life opened forJanie and Nanny wasnt going to have her make the same mistakes that she had. Yet, Nanny had been impregnated under the circumstances of being a slave andthis was not the case for Janie. Nanny stated that black women were the mulesof the world, but she didnt want Janie to be a mule. She wanted to see Janiein a secure situation before she died, and Logan Killicks could provide that. Janie did not want to marry Logan, but she did so because Nanny told her thatshe would eventually come to love him. Ironically, Logan wanted to forceJanie into the servitude that Nanny feared. Also, he was disappointed that Janienever returned his affection and attraction. If he could not possess her throughlove, he would possess her by demanding her submission. At heart, his actionsarose from the fear that Janie would leave him. Two months after her marriage toLogan, Janie visited Nanny to ask when she would start loving him. Nanny beratedJanie for not appreciating Logans wealth. Although Logan pampered Janie for ayear, he began complaining that she was spoiled. That night, Logan criticizedJanie for being spoiled and lazy. Janie voiced his deepest fears when shesuggested that she might leave him. Logan reminded her of her familysreputation, hoping to hurt her feelings. Turning to these drastic of measuresblew Janie into a frenzy and she left with a smooth-talking gentleman that very next day. Janie chose to leave Logan for Jody because he revived her dreams oflove in marriage. Her first marriage had taught her that marriage and love donot go hand in hand. However, she still believed that love was the bestmotivation for marriage. Jody promised that he would never turn Janie into acommon pack mule. He promised her that she would reap all the benefits of hiswork. His words eerily echo Nannys dream of respectability and financialsecurity for Janie. However, Janie didnt marry Jody because of these promises. She married him because he inspired the feelings she had experienced whilesitting under the blossoming peach tree when she was sixteen and the moment herwomanhood became crystal clear. Ironically, Janies marriage to Jody was thevery embodiment of Nannys dreams for her. Unlike Logan, he did not make her apack mule. He gave her financial security and respectability. However, themarriage was largely an unhappy union. Janie could not be herself around Jody. Moreover, Jody still used Janie as a garbage even though he gave her wealth andrespectability. So it seems that Nannys worst fears and her highest hopes wererealized in Janies second marriage. It was until one afternoon in the storethat she met a lofty yet handsome young man who went, strangely enough, by thename of Tea Cake. Tea Cakes courtship was different from that of Logan andJody. Janies first marriage was more of a contract of sale between Nanny andLogan than anything else. Janies second marriage was an escape from the firstone. Moreover, it was based on disappointed dreams. Jody courted her by talkingabout himself and his dreams. Tea Cake, on the other hand, pursued Janie with amore romantic flair. Also, he allowed her equal footing in negotiating the termsof their relationship. Gaining personal freedom was a two-fold process. First,she had to be free in her private life, but she also had to free herself fromrestricting social attitudes. Only then could she begin to heal the rift betweenher outside self and her inside self. She feels that what she has learned fromher relationship with Tea Cake cannot be conveyed through words. .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f , .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f .postImageUrl , .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f , .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f:hover , .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f:visited , .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f:active { border:0!important; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f:active , .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0e8deeaab4a5b882290ce1cd98c0fc9f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Childhood EssaySelf-realization is a personal journey that can only be made through gaininglife experience. Therefore, Janie acknowledges the flaws inherent in retellingher life, but she does not necessarily undercut the importance of having foundher voice. Neither does she undercut the benefit of sharing her story withothers. She doesnt believe that her story should be the single, authoritativeguidebook to self-realization. It can, however, inspire others to re-examinetheir lives. Book Reports